counter in image with show number 42

How are 0 to 9 And 0 to 15 Counter Works

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Have you ever wondered how digital clocks, calculators, or even scoreboard displays show numbers? One of the most common ways is through a 7-segment display. It’s called “7-segment” because it uses seven segments (small lights or LEDs) to form numbers. In this blog, we will explore how to create two different counters using a 7-segment display: one that counts from 0 to 15 and another that counts from 0 to 9. You’ll learn how these counters work, and by the end, you’ll understand how numbers light up on the screen using simple electronic components! Let’s dive in!

  • what is counter
  • components required for 0 – 9 and 0 – 15
  • Understanding About in IC 7447 Decoder
  • Understanding About in IC 7485 Comparator
  • Understanding About in IC 7483 Adder
  • 7 – Segment Display
  • Manually Counter 0 – 9 to 0 – 15
  • Way to Automate Counter using 555 timer and CD40106BE with 74163 IC’s
  • Conclusion

What is Counter

A counter is an electronic device or circuit that counts the number of events or signals, usually in sequence. It keeps track of how many times something happens, like how many times a button is pressed, how many pulses occur in a digital circuit, or even the passage of time.

In simple terms, a counter “counts” by increasing or decreasing a number each time an event occurs. For example, a counter might start at 0 and add 1 each time a pulse is received. There are many types of counters, such as:

  1. Up Counters: This counts upwards, like going from 0 to 1, 2, 3, and so on.
  2. Down Counters: These count downwards, like from 5 to 4, 3, 2, and so on.
  3. Up/Down Counters: These can count both up and down.

The 7447 IC is a BCD to 7-segment decoder. It converts binary coded decimal (BCD) inputs into the corresponding segment outputs to display decimal digits on a 7-segment display.

Components required for 0 – 9 and 0 15

  1. Breadboard
  2. Wire suitable for Breadboard
  3. IC 7447 Decoder
  4. IC 7485 Comparator
  5. IC 7483 Adder
  6. 7 – Segment Dispaly
  7. Resistors 300ohm
  8. Multimeter for checking the connection is perfect or Not
  9. 5 voltage sources and ground
  10. Wire Cutter in easy language

Understanding About in IC 7447 Decoder

The IC 7447 is a popular decoder integrated circuit used to drive 7-segment displays. It takes binary-coded decimal (BCD) input and converts it into signals to control the segments of a 7-segment display, making it easier to show numbers 0-9. When a 4-bit BCD input is given to the IC 7447 (for example, 0000 for 0, 0001 for 1, and so on), it processes this input and sends signals to the appropriate segments of the 7-segment display. The combination of these segments forms the corresponding number.

Applications of IC 7447:

  • Digital clocks
  • Calculators
  • Digital counters
  • Scoreboards
7447 decoder pin diagram for counter
credit to jortin.com

Here’s a brief overview of its pin configuration:

  • Pins 1-4: Inputs (A, B, C, D)
  • Pin 5: Lamp test
  • Pin 6: Ripple blanking input
  • Pin 7: Ripple blanking output
  • Pin 8: Ground (GND)
  • Pins 9-15: Segment outputs (a, b, c, d, e, f, g)
  • Pin 16: Vcc (Power supply)

In summary, IC 7447 simplifies the process of displaying numbers on a 7-segment display by automatically decoding BCD inputs and lighting up the correct segments.

Understanding About in IC 7485 Comparator

The IC 7485 is a 4-bit binary comparator that is used to compare two 4-bit binary numbers and determine their relationship. It outputs whether one number is greater than, less than, or equal to the other. The IC 7485 compares two 4-bit binary numbers, and based on the result, one of the three output lines (A > B, A = B, A < B) becomes active (high).

Applications of IC 7485:

  • Digital Systems: Used to compare binary numbers in CPUs, ALUs, and other digital systems.
  • Sorting Algorithms: Helps in hardware-based sorting processes.
  • Data Sorting Devices: Used to compare and sort binary data.
  • Decision Making Circuits: Where systems need to make choices based on numerical comparison (like in controllers and automation systems).
ic 7485 for counter

Here’s a brief description of the pins:

  • Pin 1 (B3): Most significant bit of 4-bit input B.
  • Pin 2 (IAB): Input for cascading comparators (A < B).
  • Pin 3 (IAE): Input for cascading comparators (A = B).
  • Pin 4 (IAG): Input for cascading comparators (A > B).
  • Pin 5 (OAG): Output (A > B).
  • Pin 6 (OAE): Output (A = B).
  • Pin 7 (OAL): Output (A < B).
  • Pin 8 (GND): Ground.
  • Pin 9 (B2): Second most significant bit of 4-bit input B.
  • Pin 10 (B0): Least significant bit of 4-bit input B.
  • Pin 11 (B1): Second least significant bit of 4-bit input B.
  • Pin 12 (A0): Least significant bit of 4-bit input A.
  • Pin 13 (A1): Second least significant bit of 4-bit input A.
  • Pin 14 (A2): Second most significant bit of 4-bit input A.
  • Pin 15 (A3): Most significant bit of 4-bit input A.
  • Pin 16 (Vcc): Power supply.

In summary, the IC 7485 simplifies comparing two 4-bit binary numbers and determines whether one number is greater than, equal to, or less than the other, making it a vital component in digital decision-making circuits.

Understanding About in IC 7483 Adder

The IC 7483 is a 4-bit binary full adder that is designed to perform binary addition on two 4-bit numbers. It also includes carry-in and carry-out capabilities, allowing it to handle multi-bit additions by cascading multiple ICs. The IC 7483 takes two 4-bit binary numbers (A0-A3 and B0-B3) and adds them along with an optional carry-in bit (Cin). The output will be a 4-bit sum (S0-S3) and a carry-out (Cout) if there is an overflow.

Applications of IC 7483:

  • Arithmetic Logic Units (ALUs): Used in CPUs for performing arithmetic operations.
  • Digital Calculators: For binary addition operations.
  • Data Processing: In systems requiring addition of binary data, such as in computers and digital systems.
  • Counters: In systems that need to sum binary data or perform complex counting.
adder for counter

Here’s a brief description of the pins:

  • Pin 1 (A4): Fourth bit of input A.
  • Pin 2 (S4): Fourth bit of the sum output.
  • Pin 3 (A3): Third bit of input A.
  • Pin 4 (B3): Third bit of input B.
  • Pin 5 (S2): Second bit of the sum output.
  • Pin 6 (A1): First bit of input A.
  • Pin 7 (B1): First bit of input B.
  • Pin 8 (GND): Ground.
  • Pin 9 (C4): Carry output.
  • Pin 10 (C0): Carry input.
  • Pin 11 (S1): First bit of the sum output.
  • Pin 12 (B2): Second bit of input B.
  • Pin 13 (A2): Second bit of input A.
  • Pin 14 (S3): Third bit of the sum output.
  • Pin 15 (B4): Fourth bit of input B.
  • Pin 16 (Vcc): Power supply.

The IC 7483 simplifies the addition of 4-bit binary numbers by providing a full adder function with carry-in and carry-out capabilities. Its ability to cascade and handle larger binary numbers makes it a key component in digital circuits that require fast and reliable binary addition.

7 – Segment Display

A 7-segment display is an electronic display device used to represent numbers by illuminating specific segments. It consists of seven individual segments arranged in a way that allows them to display digits from 0 to 9 and sometimes even some letters. Each segment is typically an LED (Light Emitting Diode), and by controlling which segments light up, you can form different numbers or characters.

The segments are:

  • a: The top horizontal segment.
  • b: The upper right vertical segment.
  • c: The lower right vertical segment.
  • d: The bottom horizontal segment.
  • e: The lower left vertical segment.
  • f: The upper left vertical segment.
  • g: The middle horizontal segment.

Manually Counter 0 – 9 to 0 – 15

Now, we’re ready to build the counter! With a solid understanding of the ICs and the 7-segment display, you can refer to the connection diagram to set up your counter. Ensure all connections are made properly and securely.

To start, use jumper wires to provide manual input to the comparator. The comparator checks if the input is less than 9. If it is, it signals the adder, which sends a carry-out to the decoder. This decoder, linked to the 7-segment display, shows either 0 or 1, depending on whether the input is a single or double-digit number.

The other decoder takes the sum from the adder and sends it to the display’s inputs (A, B, C, D), allowing the counter to increment from 0 to 9. When the count reaches 10 to 15, the second 7-segment display shows 1, while the first one counts from 0 to 5, displaying 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15.

Notice resistance

counter 0-15

Way to Automate Counter using 555 timer and CD40106BE with 74163 IC’s

To automate your counter, we can use a 555 timer along with CD40106BE and 74163 ICs. Here’s an easy way to understand the process:

  1. 555 Timer: This will generate regular clock pulses. You can adjust the timer to control the speed at which the counter increments. Simply connect the output of the 555 timer to the clock input of the CD40106BE.
  2. CD40106BE (Schmitt Trigger): This IC is used to clean up the clock signal from the 555 timer, ensuring the pulses are stable and well-defined. It smooths out any noise or irregularities in the clock signal before passing it to the 74163 counter.
  3. 74163 (Synchronous 4-Bit Binary Counter): This is where the counting happens. The clock signal from the CD40106BE triggers the 74163, which counts the numbers. The outputs of the 74163 are connected to the BCD to 7-segment decoder (like IC 7447), which drives the 7-segment display.

Note you can do without 555 as well only you have to generate square wave of 1Hz at 1s time period. And You must connect your manually OUPUT with 74163 IC 4bit output because it will automate your counter and make it easier for you

Conclusion

This counter project is a great starting point for anyone wanting to dive into the world of electronics. It introduces fundamental concepts like digital logic, counters, decoders, and displays, which are the building blocks of many electronic systems. By working with simple yet powerful components like the 555 timer, IC 74163, and 7-segment display, you gain a hands-on understanding of how devices count, process, and display information.

This project helps bridge the gap between theory and real-world applications. You’ll start seeing how basic electronic principles are used in everyday items all around us, from clocks and calculators to digital appliances. By learning how a basic counter works, you’ll have a clearer understanding of how larger, more complex systems like computers, smart devices, and automation systems function.

Not only does this project simplify the process of learning electronics, but it also empowers you to explore and modify the technology that’s everywhere in our lives. It’s a foundational project that opens the door to more advanced electronics, fostering creativity and a deeper understanding of the tech-driven world we live in.

prefer datasheet as well



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